|
The Ateneo de Madrid ("Athenæum of Madrid") is a private cultural institution located in the capital of Spain, originally founded in 1835. Its full name is ''Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid'' ("Scientific, Literary and Artistic Athenæum of Madrid"). ==History== The roots of the Athenæum trace to the ideals of Francophiles and liberals of the early 19th century. Subsequent to the Napoleonic invasion of Spain, those who had joined the French cause and supported Joseph Bonaparte as king of Spain were exiled with him upon the triumph of the Supreme Central Junta and the Cádiz Cortes, which enacted in 1812 the first Spanish liberal constitution. The restoration of Ferdinand VII in 1814 after the previous year's Treaty of Valençay, however, brought a return to absolutism and the flight of the Spanish patriots of Cádiz. Much of the enlightened aristocracy that for one reason or another had been persecuted in Spain took refuge in France and England. The return of the exiles during the "liberal triennium" from 1820 to 1823 allowed the creation of the Spanish Athenæum, directed by Juan Manuel de los Rios. When King Ferdinand reasserted his absolutism in 1823, however, that institution's scholars went into London exile. Ferdinand's death in 1833, an amnesty the following year, and the support of liberals for the cause of Isabella II, still a child, over that of the pretender Don Carlos, her uncle, created a new atmosphere of tolerance during the regency of Ferdinand's widow Maria Christina. In 1835 the former Spanish Ateneo of 1820 was reborn as the ''Ateneo Científico y Literario de Madrid'' under the patronage of Salustiano Olózaga, Ángel de Saavedra, Antonio Alcalá Galiano, Ramón de Mesonero Romanos, Francisco López Olavarrieta, Francisco Fabra and Juan Manuel de los Rios. In 1923 the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera suspended the activities of the Ateneo.〔(Historia del Archivo ), Ateneo de Madrid. Accessed 2011-02-13.〕 During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, the Ateneo remained open and managed to preserve the integrity of its facilities, especially its library, thanks to the work of Bernardo G. de Candamo, the only member of the Republican governing council to remain in Madrid during the war. Although the 36-year Franco dictatorship of General Franco subsumed the Ateneo to the ideological goals of his Falange party,〔 the subsequent return to democracy has enabled it to regain its position as a centre of culture of the first order. In 2013, the severe reduction of the grants from the city of Madrid under the 2008–2012 Spanish financial crisis threatened bankruptcy for the Ateneo. The Ateneo council tried to cover the losses by auctioning works of art, either donated by sympathetic artists or part of the historic heritage. The Regional Heritage Council of Madrid forbade the sale of an 1855 collection of engravings (''The Disasters of War'' and ''Los Caprichos'') by Francisco de Goya.〔''(Dos series de aguafuertes de Goya enfrentan al Gobierno regional y el Ateneo )'', Rafael Fraguas, El País, Madrid edition, 14 February 2013.〕 What the regional council allowed to auction includes 14 works by Antonio López, Eusebio Sempere, Josep Guinovart, José Moreno Villa, Alberto Corazón and Carmen Laffon, that earned the Ateneo 140 000 euros.〔''(El Ateneo de Madrid logra 140.000 euros de la subasta de 14 obras )'', Rafael Fraguas, El País, Madrid edition, 21 February 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ateneo de Madrid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|